What are common symptoms of a pulmonary embolism?

Pulmonary embolism (PE) typically manifests with symptoms that reflect the acute impairment of gas exchange and the resultant strain on the cardiovascular system. Pleuritic chest pain is a hallmark symptom, characterized by sharp, localized discomfort that worsens with deep breaths, coughing, or movement. This pain arises from irritation of the pleura due to the embolism.

Tachycardia is also a common finding and serves as a physiological response to the reduced oxygenation and increased workload on the heart due to obstructed blood flow to the lungs. As the heart compensates for decreased oxygen levels, the heart rate increases in an effort to maintain adequate perfusion.

These symptoms, particularly when presented together, strongly suggest the presence of a pulmonary embolism, making this answer the most accurate in relation to the clinical picture of a PE. Other symptoms can include shortness of breath, hemoptysis, and feelings of anxiety, but pleuritic chest pain and tachycardia are central to the classic presentation.