What condition is indicated by late decelerations in fetal heart rate patterns?

Late decelerations in fetal heart rate patterns are indicative of uteroplacental insufficiency. This condition occurs when the placenta is not adequately supplying oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, often due to reduced blood flow. Late decelerations are characterized by a gradual decrease in fetal heart rate that begins after a contraction and returns to baseline after the contraction has ended. This timing suggests a delayed response to uteroplacental issues.

Uteroplacental insufficiency can result from various factors such as maternal hypertension, diabetes, or placental abruption, leading to fetal hypoxia. The presence of late decelerations signals the need for closer monitoring of the fetus and potentially intervention to improve blood flow and oxygenation. The relationship between contractions and the heart rate pattern illustrates the fetus's compromised condition, emphasizing the importance of addressing underlying placental issues to ensure fetal well-being.