What is the purpose of performing an endometrial biopsy in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding?

The primary purpose of performing an endometrial biopsy in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding is to rule out malignancy. This procedure involves obtaining a sample of the endometrial tissue to assess for any abnormal cells or cancer. Abnormal uterine bleeding can be a symptom of various conditions, including endometrial hyperplasia or cancer, particularly in postmenopausal women or those with risk factors for uterine malignancies. Thus, one of the key goals of an endometrial biopsy is to ensure that any potential neoplastic changes are identified early, allowing for timely intervention if necessary.

The procedure does not directly identify hormonal imbalances, assess for uterine fibroids, or measure blood flow to the uterus. While those factors can play a role in abnormal bleeding, the biopsy specifically provides critical information about the presence or absence of malignancy, making it an essential tool in the diagnostic process.