What significant side effect is associated with glucocorticoid use?

Glucocorticoids, such as prednisone and dexamethasone, are commonly used in a variety of medical conditions due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. One of the notable side effects of glucocorticoid use is an increase in blood glucose concentrations. This effect arises because glucocorticoids promote gluconeogenesis in the liver, enhance insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, and can lead to increased appetite as well.

As a result of these actions, patients receiving glucocorticoids often exhibit elevated blood sugar levels, which can be particularly concerning for individuals with pre-existing diabetes or those at risk for hyperglycemia. This side effect is clinically significant, as it can complicate the management of diabetes and contribute to the development of steroid-induced diabetes in otherwise healthy individuals.

In contrast, the other options provided do not accurately reflect common significant side effects of glucocorticoids. For instance, while some might experience transient weight loss due to gastrointestinal side effects or other factors, weight gain is far more common. Improved immune function is not a side effect; rather, glucocorticoids are immunosuppressive. Lastly, glucocorticoids typically lead to increased blood pressure rather than