Which of the following conditions is characterized by prolonged bleeding and hemarthrosis?

Prolonged bleeding and hemarthrosis are classical features of hemophilia, which are primarily caused by deficiencies in certain clotting factors. Among the options given, Factor VIII deficiency is specifically associated with hemophilia A and is well-known for causing excessive bleeding, particularly in the joints (hemarthrosis).

Patients with Factor VIII deficiency often present with spontaneous joint bleeds, especially in weight-bearing joints like knees and ankles. This results in significant morbidity and pain, as repeated episodes can lead to chronic joint damage. The bleeding tendency is due to the impaired formation of the fibrin clot, as Factor VIII is crucial for the activation of Factor X in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation.

Factor VII, Factor V, and Factor X deficiencies can lead to bleeding as well, but they do not typically present with the same pattern of joint bleeding as seen in hemophilia A. For instance, Factor VII deficiency is more likely to cause bleeding in mucosal areas and is not specifically associated with hemarthrosis. Factor V deficiency presents with a bleeding phenotype but lacks the recurrent joint bleeds characteristic of hemophilia. Factor X deficiency can lead to severe bleeding issues but does not have the hallmark joint bleeding found in Factor VIII deficiency.

Therefore, the condition