Which of the following is a common cause of Superior Vena Cava Syndrome?

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS) is often associated with obstruction of the superior vena cava, which impedes blood flow from the head, neck, and upper extremities back to the heart. One of the most common causes of this condition is cancer, particularly malignancies such as lung cancer (especially bronchogenic carcinoma) and lymphomas. These tumors can grow and compress the superior vena cava, leading to the symptoms that characterize SVCS, such as edema in the face and neck, distended veins in the upper body, and respiratory difficulties.

While other conditions, such as heart failure or kidney disease, can lead to fluid overload and associated symptoms, they do not specifically cause mechanical obstruction of the superior vena cava like cancer does. Diabetes may have indirect cardiovascular effects, but it is not a direct cause of SVCS. Thus, the association of SVCS with cancer underlines its role as a prevalent etiological factor in this syndrome.