Which pulmonary conditions can lead to an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance associated with cor pulmonale?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and primary pulmonary hypertension are both conditions that can lead to increased pulmonary vascular resistance, ultimately resulting in cor pulmonale, which refers to right-sided heart failure secondary to respiratory disease.

In COPD, chronic inflammation and airway obstruction lead to hypoxia, which causes vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vessels. Over time, this increased resistance can put a strain on the right ventricle, leading to cor pulmonale. Similarly, primary pulmonary hypertension is characterized by elevated pressures in the pulmonary artery due to various factors, including vasoconstriction and vascular remodeling. This condition directly increases pulmonary vascular resistance and can also result in right heart failure.

Understanding the mechanisms behind how these conditions lead to increased pulmonary vascular resistance clarifies why they contribute to cor pulmonale. In contrast, other options include conditions that do not have the same direct impact on pulmonary vascular resistance or predominantly affect the left heart rather than the pulmonary system.